• Shark attacks now account for more than half of washed up dead otters
• Trend is mysterious as great whites prefer usually hunt fat-rich seals
• Otter deaths started rapidly rising in 2003 and show no sign of relenting
• Olive the otter who was rescued from an oil slick among those to be killed

By Jack Millner For Mailonline^[1]

Published: 10:54 EST, 18 August 2015 | Updated: 22:06 EST, 18 August 2015

Great white sharks are attacking and killing otters off the coast of California, leaving scientists baffled about why they appear to be preying upon the endangered creatures.

The development is a puzzle because sharks do not usually eat the small furry mammals, preferring the much fattier flesh of seals.

Biologists say more than 50 per cent of dead otters that wash up on California's coastline bear the marks of great white shark bites.

California's sea otters (like the one pictured) are endangered and the shark attacks are becoming a worrying trend as more than 50 per cent of dead otters washed up now bear the marks of great white shark bites

The trend is concerning conservation groups as California's sea otters are endangered.

It is thought that the sharks are not even eating the otters, but just biting them, with the otters dying from the wounds inflicted by the fearsome predator.

The reasons why are not clear, but experts suggest they may be 'exploratory bites' as the shark tries to work out what the creature is.

When dead sea otters are washed up, some of the bodies are sent to the State of California’s Marine Wildlife Veterinary Care and Research Center in order to establish the cause of death.

Records of dead sea otters are also held by United States Geological Survey (USGS). 

These records of otter deaths go back 29 years, offering researchers a rich trove of data to help them protect the endangered animals.

In a paper published in the journal Marine Mammal Science, researchers wrote that the percentage of otter deaths from shark bites has risen from 19 per cent in 1990 to 61 per cent in 2013.

The deaths started rapidly rising in 2003 and the trend is showing no sign of relenting.

The trend was most pronounced in the southern part of the range, from Estero Bay to Point Conception (pictured), where shark bite frequency has increased eightfold

'Although southern sea otters are not considered prey for white sharks, sharks do nonetheless bite sea otters,' the researchers wrote in their paper. 

'The trend was most pronounced in the southern part of the range, from Estero Bay to Point Conception, where shark bite frequency has increased eightfold.  

'The causes of these trends are unclear, but possible contributing factors include increased white shark abundance and/or changes in white shark behavior and distribution.' 

The increasing shark attacks on the otter population is a puzzle because sharks don't usually eat the furry mammals, preferring the fatty flesh of seals. Pictured, a great white patrols the deep

The authors say numbers of sharks have increased in the area due to rising numbers of seals, which are their natural prey.

Some say that legal protections designed to protect sharks have led to higher numbers of the predators in the area.

'Laws protecting white sharks may have led to their greater numbers in the northeast Pacific, although data on white shark abundance and trends are limited,' said USGS in a statement.

The paper's conclusions were based records of shark bites found on 1,870 otter carcasses collected since 1985.

SHARK KILLS OLIVE THE OTTER RESCUED AFTER OIL SLICK

Sad loss: Olive the otter was found dead by a beachgoer on March 22 near Sunset State Beach in California 

A celebrated sea otter who survived a natural oil slick and was tracked by researchers for six years was killed by a shark in March.

The seven-year-old marine mammal named Olive was found dead by a beachgoer on March 22 near Sunset State Beach in California.

Wildlife biologists retrieved a large, serrated tooth fragment from white shark in a wound on the mother-of-three's body, indicating the cause of death.  

Olive made headlines in February 2009 when she was found covered in oil and near death on Sunset State Beach in Santa Cruz County.

A rescue team from The Marine Mammal Center was dispatched to retrieve the oiled otter. 

She was outfitted with a high frequency transmitter and colored flipper tags so she could be identified and monitored after her release. 

Before her death, Olive was most recently seen in mid-February resting in kelp near Capitola. 

Olive had more than 5,000 Facebook followers, in an account set up by wildlife officials. 'Swimming' was listed as her sole personal interest.

References

1. ^{^} Jack Millner For Mailonline (www.dailymail.co.uk)
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